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I have this 1873 penny in my collection. It has some unusual elements: Raised marks/lines either side of Victoria's neck on the obverse a raised line between the shield and lighthouse on the reverse Does anyone know what may cause these markings? I suspect it is possibly double struck or made from old dies but I am by no means certain. Would appreciate any input or opinions Thanks in advance

This is found on many dates in the 1870s for some reason, caused by a clash of obverse/reverse dies.

Clashed dies. The Striking surfaces have come together without the planchet (Bronze blank) in place, the raised portions have been struck onto the opposing die and resulted in the features described. The line between the lighthouse and Britt's hand is Vicks cleavage line, a faint outline can be seen of Vicks face just above. The other lines described are the folds in drapery

What about them? They have obviously taken some serious abuse ...

Rob I'm not sure where you found that JB has the signature in a different place. As you say, they are all obverse D (Freeman 2). I agree about the Je to Jk repairs. I'm assuming that collectors have sent in photos of these repairs to Michael who decided to include them, purely for illustration. The list of die repairs is virtually endless and I personally don't regard them as particularly noteworthy, other than the occasional spectacular example, e.g. N over Z, E over P etc. Clearly, these repairs are of interest to some collectors, viz Larry's numerous examples of similar repairs on halfpennies on this Forum.