The counterfeit coin dies engraved by Benjamin Patrick of Birmingham.

[seuk]

Benjamin Patrick is perhaps best known as the engraver of the Perry Barr Penny token issued by William Booth, the notorious forger who was hanged in 1812. Booth was charged and convicted for forgery of bank notes and coins (the Bank Dollar, 3/- and 1/6) issued by the Bank of England.

However this is not Patrick’s only connection with forgery. In a case against the coiner William Henshall, who was transported in 1806 for counterfeiting the Bank Dollar, a Benjamin Patrick (of Phillip’s Salutation Public House in Snow Hill, Birmingham) is mentioned as engraver of counterfeit bank-note plates together with a relative(?) Washington Patrick. 

I was therefore hoping that the study of the die punches used for the penny token would shed some light on the matter.  The original token is unfortunately quite rare and expensive, but thanks to Bente and Paul Withers (Galata) I now have a useful photo.

 

Of Booths counterfeits we know the 1/6 since a hoard of these was discovered in 1956 about half a mile from Booths farm. The Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery also has a Bank Dollar which was found at the farm, only the 3/- remains unidentified. 
It is possible that Booth also made counterfeits of other coins such as the Third-Guinea, however only the above coins are mentioned in his court case. 
 

1804 BANK DOLLAR
Of the 41 counterfeit bank dollars I’ve seen so far; 20 have been cast or produced by transfer dies. The other 21 are milled from engraved dies and of these there are 3 different obverses and 5 reverses. The dies are obvious the work of two different engravers.  

The letter punches used for the counterfeit Bank Dollar found at Booths farm (below) are of type I.

When the large letters of counterfeit I are compared with the large letters used for the Booth token there’s no mistake – the design is exactly the same!

 

All evidence therefore point to Benjamin Patrick as the engraver of both token and counterfeit. The Booth dollar is known only with the same obverse-reverse combination. There is however another obverse combined with 3 different reverses engraved by Patrick. 

Obverse 1 – Nose to I of Gratia
Obverse 2 – Nose to TI of Gratia, leaves of laurel wreath almost touching E of DEI, X of Rex very close to bust
Reverse 1 – 8 of 1804 directly under 1st L of Dollar - 2nd S of Shillings points to L of England – N of Shillings points directly to 1st N of England
Reverse 2 – 8 of 1804 directly under 1st L of Dollar  - 2nd S of Shillings between GL of England
Reverse 3 – 8 of 1804 to the right under 1st L of Dollar - 2nd S of Shillings between GL of England 
Reverse 4 – as reverse 1 but N of Shillings to the left under 1st N of England

We know that William Henshall counterfeited the Bank Dollar but according to the article the dies was manufactured by himself – possible by some sort of transfer method? There are several counterfeit bank dollars which design are exactly the same as the genuine coins only the details are somewhat blurred like on a cast coin, perhaps some of these are the product of Henshall? Or perhaps Henshall coins are so scarce that I just haven’t seen any yet? I think the 2nd Patrick obverse, together with reverse 2-4, are likely to have been engraved at the same time as Booths (1810-11) since they are very similar in style. Henshall’s counterfeits were done in 1805 and if Patrick had been the engraver I would expect the dies to be of a somewhat different style. 
So for now the coiner using the 2nd obverse remains unknown. 

                                                                                                            to be continued...
 

References
Peter Lane and Peter Fleig: William Henshall:  Maker of NSW Holey Dollars and Dumps (Numismatic Association of Australia - NAAJ 15 2004) 

Paul and Bente Withers:  British copper tokens 1811-1820

The trial at large of William Booth and his associates, George Scot, the three Yates's, John Barrows and Elizabeth Childlow for Forgery, Coining etc. at the Stafford summer assizes, 1812, before Mr. Justice Le Blanc. (Gower and Smart 1812)

[Paulus]

Brilliant work Seuk!

[bagerap]

Bravo!!

 

[Nordle11]

Great write up, well done Seuk.

[seuk]

I forgot to note that the Booth Dollar is found with both silver plate and silver wash. My guess is that the washed variation is of later date (1811). One of the mysteries regarding contemporary counterfeits is the disappearance of silver plate counterfeits round this date. 


Another interesting point is that Patrick used large punches for the bust and reverse design. The last one probably being a rough outline of the design with details afterwards engraved by hand.
 

[Nutsaboutcoins]

great read, as a relative newbie may I ask a stupid question.

What is the difference between silver plate and silver wash, is it just the thickness of the silver, or is it a different technique?

[DaveG38]

4 hours ago, Nutsaboutcoins said:

great read, as a relative newbie may I ask a stupid question.

What is the difference between silver plate and silver wash, is it just the thickness of the silver, or is it a different technique?

I presume that plate is put on electrically whilst wash is literally dipping in molten silver. However, I may be wrong!

[Nordle11]

The only thing I know is wash is less than 3 microns and plating is somewhere between that and about 35 microns. 

[1949threepence]

That is a really interesting write up, seuk. Thanks  

[seuk]

I'm refering to Sheffield Plate. http://www.jamesbaldwinantiques.com/articles.php?articleID=1
Electroplating is of a later date, about 1840/50s and onwards.

The most common way of silvering in this period (1800-1830) is ,as I understand, known as 'silver wash', a thin silverish layer which are easily worn off - However I need to learn more about the several methods of silver coating which were used back then.

[seuk]

In the Booth trial there's an interesting comment regarding some of the coins which were found at the farm:
"Mr. Brownell corroborated John Ingeley as to finding the can and edging tools on the Saturday; he produced them - in the can were six dollars and ten 3s. pieces; they were singly wrapped up in paper, so as to separate them; the dollars were marked on the edges, to have the appearance of having been old Spanish dollars re-stamped."

However none of the counterfeit bank dollars I've seen have such markings! Perhaps the adding of an edge design where a late invention of Booth and so only a handful were produced prior to his arrest? The few genuine dollars I've had has been low grade examples with a smooth edge. So I'm wondering how the edge of the uncirculated bank dollars looks and feels? Is it normal for them to have traces of the original Spanish edge design?