DrLarry

whilst searching around I have found a number of die crack runs that give the appearance of errors whether they follow attempts to repair dies, I am not sure but they create some interesting flaws that if worn might give rise to the incorrect explanations

REV G OBV 7 B over R Looking at Richard's list of half penny varieties this is listed under OBV 5 but this one seems to be definitely an OBV 7 I have not seen an OBV 5 type so I assume the error must have happened twice

REF G OBV 6 G over G

REV G OBVERSE 6 E over E in REG

rev G OBV 6 R of REG of R missing middle E and G over G : there seems to be a lot of movement in the strike which has resulted in some doubling on the OBV

REV G OBV 7 raised dot after T in VICTORIA ....I am normally a little sceptical about raised dots as they seem to be percussion ridges or bumps of displaced metal ut I had a close look around and cannot find enough to suggests this ....let me know if you disagree PLEASE

R of BRITT over R OBV 7 also has an E over an E rotation and a V over V

REV G OBV 7 B over B and R over R on same obverse

REV G OBV 7 the 1 appears weak or filled , there are some abrasion marks on this one i've added it just in case another is out there

some of these errors might be of interest: REV G OBV 6 seems to have been struck with blocked 86 in the date there appear to be be no signs of obvious damage to the areas around the date

as an EX oil man ...I have found this debate interesting . I would say that one almost constant ( not accounting for milankovitch cycles or polar circulatory effects, supervolcano eruptions affecting climate or dare I say asteroid strikes and catastrophic events) is the variety of energy that comes from our sun. To use up fossil fuels only takes from a solar source of energy whilst there is more than enough on a daily basis to use that energy directly. Sure we might not get enough every day at the moment to power our little island but that is more the fault of us not taking the advantages we have with wind and tidal. It saddens me when countries like South africa who have vast opportunities or solar power have never invested in the instant resource they have available. But eventually the changes will happen flexible cheaper solar panels will alter many things. I hope that the way forward will be industry that modifies to use renewable it is a transition and it may well be that countries previously outranked by oil producing countries may one day be able to supply energy to the world. This is going to be one of the most uncomfortable periods in human history because we do not take well to transitions from one modality to another. But Putin has exposed the fragility of the reliance on "cheap" fuel and this has pushed the agenda in favour of making this transition towards using solar power be that from wind, tidal or panels. I am sure the economics of fuel have relied too heavily on evaluated their worth according to a simple calculation of how much energy verse how must cost of extraction. Now there are other values we have to ,at the very least accept,that it is just much cleaner, environmentally sound, qualitative in life and living , to use the less cheap (initial cost) option encourage people to consume less and encourage expansion of a greener economy. CO2 is a gas that increases temperature in our atmosphere so let's just try to reduce is as fast as possible in the hope that the world we share has a greater chance to recover . If we do have to use fossil fuels then let's improve economy of how we use them and keep working on alternatives. True yes the world has been through many of these rapid changes over 1000's of years if not millions but at the same time they usually do result in mass extinction events. The natural world finds a rebalance but in the process thousands of species are lost. We may be adaptable as a species and I am sure a few will survive but it would be better if we could accept the need to use the suns energy in a more reflective and efficient way. Oil and coal still "costs" the earth millions of tons of energy to produce Gaia hypothesis would insist that the earth cost is as much a consideration as the cost to us. It is a hard notion to accept how imperceptibly and insignificant tiny we are compared to earth history but we are impacting negatively and making ourselves too self important, we can help to fi it so we should. Each of us starts with our own lives.

I think growing up in the 70's and living in Africa ( especially south Africa where they have had outages for 12 years often 4 to 8 hours a day) has taught me to be very economical. I do have solar panels but my house has single glazed windows but I never feel cold, my energy consumption for the year is in the region of £450. I dont think for me the cost worries me compared to the concern about green issues. I have two sausage dogs and they are hot water bottles in the bed at night the newest one a rescue given up because he was unaffordable.

I can find no evidence of the feathers being different and it would appear that is just wrong. There does seem to be some evidence of a difference in the gap between the trident and the peplos /Mantle I have looked to see if this is an issue of quality of sample and yes it might be that the fold in fabric might be higher and so more likely to be damaged repeatedly closing the cut I shall just have to keep looking and measuring the quality. Not that it really matters it just must be a very sharp line in the die to cut such an exact line. I am sure in time such a thin line would eventually cut across with use. So the "closing " of the gap may simply be the result of a well used die and the sharper gap a fresher die?

PINNY There is a nice example of an error which like the HAIF comes about as the result of the damage to the E in PENNY on reverse G . The E essentially appears as a PINNY and in the 1 I have it is associated with the Broken F in HALF The F almost appears to be a remnant of a P than an F

REVERSE G OBVERSE 7 The last one I have is the 1 over 1 on the second 1 but the 1 is above the 1 ( #2) and one which is coupled with the 1 over 1 above the first 1 in the date ( this one is to the side ) both on a pairing with OBV 7

REVERSE G 2nd 1 over 1 1 below obv 7

REV G 6 over 6 the first on an obverse 6 the second on an obverse 7

reverse G 1 over 1 above the first 1 I am not certain if it is the same error the gap in the directly above on the second is much deeper seems one is an obverse 6 the shallow and obverse 7 the deep cut . The shallow is associated in the example I have with a 1 over a 1 on the second 1

Reverse G Here are the date errors I have found so far : 1 over 1 first 1 in date where the 1 is LOW at the base 2 paired with OBVERSE 6 in this example with a 6 over 6 and a LOW second 1

slight differences in REV G Whilst listing the last two broken H's I noticed differences in some aspects of the two. On one the trident touches the mantle on one the trident is cut clear of the mantle , the modelling of the Trident head is slightly different and the hanging feathers of the helmet differ .

Reverse G there appear to be many errors in this reverse with accompanying errors on the obverse. I have tried to sort them into the following : REV G legend errors; r G date errors ; rev G with OBV errors; and OBVERSE errors. There are a lot so I am going to do my best to image them and show the errors rather than the the whole surface. I am happy to put up the complete image but the restriction in image size makes the process a bit long. unbarred H with broken Top E of PENNY with OBV 7 Unbarred H also with OBV 6

REVERSE F OBVERSE 7 to be honest I cannot find too much to say about F 7 of the 11 I have the only things I can find are a slightly rotated 1 over 1 and misaligned 6 over 6 the legend letters are often the "older" style curly letters which gives F 7 a nicely balanced appearance . the legend is delicate so perhaps F 7 is the most harmonious for me at least. But I am biased towards REV F apart from the devils claw holding the trident. one example of PFNNY where the lower part is blocked.

I thought this one was quite appropriate for the times numerous repeat and broken inner circles in the upper TORI again on F 4 1861

here are a few of the errors so far in REV F OBV 4's A fascinating C a RFG blocked ; broken and replaced inner circles ; amd an R over R

I don't think I've one but I am always unsure with coins unless under the microscope. It would be lovely to see one on a half penny